PMC

Access to and cost of external financing. Note: Panel A plots the fraction of firms claiming interest deductions on their corporate tax returns. Panel B plots the inferred interest rate-financing costs on the income statement over total liabilities from the balance sheet-among firms with positive positive financing costs and liabilities

External revenue mobilisation for COVID‐19. Source: Authors construct with data from 2020 mid‐year budget statement (Ministry of Finance)

Percentage of WHO Quality Statements* assessable by each quality assessment tool. *‘Quality Statements’ are 40 concise statements of the priorities for improving quality of care for children as documented in the WHO Standards. Each quality statement contains from 6 to 22 quality measures. Not assessable = the assessment tool did not assess any quality measures in the quality statement. Partially assessable = the assessment tool assessed at least one of the quality measures in the quality statement. Completely assessable = the assessment tool assessed all of the quality measures in the quality statement. HRBF, Health Results Based Financing impact evaluation toolkit; HeRAMS, Health Resources Availability Mapping System; HFS-IMCI, Health Facility Survey—using Integrated Management of Childhood Illness clinical guidelines; HCAHPS, Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems; r-HFA, rapid Health Facility Assessment; SPA, Service Provision Assessment. SARA, Service Availability and Readiness Assessment.

Domestic revenue mobilisation for COVID‐19. Source: Authors' construct with data from 2020 mid‐year budget statement (Ministry of Finance). Budget figures are allocations from the budget to support COVID‐19 related activities as of end‐June 2020. BoG, Bank of Ghana; GSF, Ghana Stabilisation Fund